| | 1501 - Yi Hwang, Confucian scholar (d. 1570) |
| | 1562 - Félix Lope de Vega, Spanish playwright (d. 1635) |
| | 1577 - Piet Hein, Dutch naval commander and folk hero (d. 1629) |
| | 1609 - Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of England (d. 1669) |
| | 1638 - Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II of England (d. 1705) |
| | 1703 - Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784) |
| | 1712 - Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French philanthropist and developer of 'Signed French' (d. 1789) |
| | 1714 - Yoriyuki Arima, Japanese mathematician (d. 1783) |
| | 1778 - Mary Anne Schimmelpenninck, British Christian writer (d. 1856) |
| | 1814 - Julius Robert von Mayer, German physician and physicist (d. 1878) |
| | 1817 - John Bigelow, American statesman and author (d. 1911) |
| | 1835 - Andrew Carnegie, British-born industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1919) |
| | 1841 - Ernst Schröder, German mathematician (d. 1902) |
| | 1843 - Henry Ware Eliot American industrialist, philanthropist and the father of T. S. Eliot (d. 1919) |
| | 1844 - Karl Benz, German engineer (d. 1929) |
| | 1845 - José Maria Eça de Queiróz, Portuguese novelist (d. 1900) |
| | 1846 - Carrie Nation, American temperance advocate (d. 1911) |
| | 1858 - Alfred Capus, French author (d. 1922) |
| | 1862 - Ethelbert Nevin, American pianist and composer (d. 1901) |
| | 1869 - Ben Lindsey, American judge and social reformer (d. 1934) |
| | 1870 - Winthrop Ames, American theatrical director (d. 1937) |
| | 1874 - Joe Gans, American boxer (d. 1910) |
| | 1880 - Elsie J. Oxenham, British children's author (d. 1960) |
| | 1881 - Pope John XXIII (d. 1963) |
| | 1883 - Harvey Spencer Lewis, American mystic (d. 1939) |
| | 1883 - Merrill C. Meigs, American newspaper publisher and aviation promoter (d. 1968) |
| | 1887 - Nikolai Vavilov, Russian physicist (d. 1943) |
| | 1890 - Isaac Rosenberg, English war poet and artist (d. 1918) |
| | 1895 - Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (d. 1991) |
| | 1895 - Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1979) |
| | 1895 - Helen Hooven Santmyer, American writer (d. 1986) |
| | 1896 - Virgil Thomson, American composer and music critic (d. 1989) |
| | 1900 - Rudolf Hoess, commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp (d. 1947) |
| | 1902 - Eddie Shore, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1985) |
| | 1904 - Lillian Copeland, American athlete (d. 1964) |
| | 1904 - Ba Jin, Chinese novelist (d. 2005) |
| | 1904 - Toni Ortelli, Italian composer and alpinist (d. 2000) |
| | 1913 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993) |
| | 1914 - Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999) |
| | 1915 - Augusto Pinochet, Chilean dictator (d. 2006) |
| | 1920 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (d. 2000) |
| | 1920 - Ricardo Montalban, Mexican actor |
| | 1920 - Noel Neill, American actress |
| | 1922 - Gloria Lasso, French-Spanish singer (d. 2005) |
| | 1924 - Takaaki Yoshimoto, Japanese poet, critic, and philosopher. |
| | 1926 - Jeffrey Hunter, American actor (d. 1969) |
| | 1926 - Poul Anderson, American writer (d. 2001) |
| | 1933 - Kathryn Grant, American actress |
| | 1938 - Charles Starkweather, American serial killer (d. 1959) |
| | 1940 - Reinhard Furrer, American physicist and astronaut (d. 1995) |
| | 1940 - Joe Gibbs, American football coach |
| | 1941 - Percy Sledge, American musician |
| | 1942 - Bob Lind, American folk singer and songwriter |
| | 1944 - Ben Stein, American actor |
| | 1947 - John Larroquette, American actor |
| | 1948 - Jacques P. Dupuis, French Canadian politician |
| | 1951 - Bucky Dent, American baseball player |
| | 1951 - Bill Morrissey, American musician |
| | 1952 - Imran Khan, Pakistani test cricketer |
| | 1953 - Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron |
| | 1953 - Graham Eadie, Australian rugby league player |
| | 1959 - Charles Kennedy, British politician |
| | 1959 - Steve Rothery, British guitarist (Marillion) |
| | 1960 - Amy Grant, American singer |
| | 1960 - John F. Kennedy, Jr., American publisher (d. 1999) |
| | 1962 - Gilbert Delorme, Canadian ice hockey player |
| | 1963 - Bernie Kosar, American football player |
| | 1965 - Cris Carter, American football player |
| | 1965 - Dougray Scott, Scottish television and film actor |
| | 1966 - Tim Armstrong, American musician (Rancid and The Transplants) |
| | 1968 - Jill Hennessy, Canadian actress |
| | 1968 - Erick Sermon, American rap music artist |
| | 1968 - Jacqueline Hennessy, Canadian actress and talk show host |
| | 1968 - Galin Nikov, Bulgarian pole vaulter |
| | 1971 - Christina Applegate, American actress |
| | 1971 - Magnus Arvedson, Swedish ice hockey player |
| | 1976 - Donovan McNabb, American football player |
| | 1978 - Shina Ringo, Japanese musician |
| | 1979 - Thea Gilmore, British songwriter |
| | 1979 - Brooke Haven, American porn star |
| | 1980 - Josh Lomberger, American professional wrestling backstage interviewer |
| | 1981 - Xabi Alonso, Spanish international footballer |
| | 1981 - Barbara Bush and Jenna Bush, daughters of George W. Bush and Laura Bush. |
| | 1981 - Jared Jeffries, American basketball player |
| | 1986 - Amber Hagerman, American kidnapping and murder victim, basis of the Amber Alert system (d. 1996) |
| | 1987 - Joe Gatting, English footballer |