| | 1434 - Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shogun (d. 1443) |
| | 1488 - Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (d. 1544) |
| | 1534 - José de Anchieta, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Brazil (d. 1597) |
| | 1684 - Jean Astruc, French physician and scholar (d. 1766) |
| | 1721 - Tobias Smollett, Scottish novelist (d. 1771) |
| | 1734 - Thomas McKean, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1817) |
| | 1739 - Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, Third Consul of France (d. 1824) |
| | 1778 - Edward Pakenham, British general (d. 1815) |
| | 1813 - David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer (d. 1873) |
| | 1821 - Richard Francis Burton, British explorer, diplomat and author (d. 1890) |
| | 1824 or 1828 - William Allingham, Irish author (d. 1889) |
| | 1829 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (d. 1901) |
| | 1848 - Wyatt Earp, American policeman and gunfighter (d. 1929) |
| | 1849 - Alfred von Tirpitz, German World War I Admiral (d. 1930) |
| | 1851 - William Henry Stark, American business leader (d. 1936) |
| | 1864 - Charles Marion Russell, American artist (d. 1926) |
| | 1865 - William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist, myrmecologist, pioneer in ethology (d. 1937) |
| | 1871 - Schofield Haigh, British cricketer (d. 1921) |
| | 1872 - Sergei Diaghilev, Russian ballet impresario (d. 1929) |
| | 1873 - Max Reger, German composer (d. 1916) |
| | 1883 - Walter Haworth, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950) |
| | 1883 - Joseph Stilwell, U.S. general (d. 1946) |
| | 1888 - Josef Albers, German artist (d. 1976) |
| | 1888 - Léon Scieur, Belgian cyclist (d. 1969) |
| | 1891 - Earl Warren, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1974) |
| | 1892 - James Van Fleet, American general (d. 1992) |
| | 1894 - Moms Mabley, American comedian (d. 1975) |
| | 1894 - Joe Venuti, American musician (d. 1978) |
| | 1900 - Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1958) |
| | 1904 - John Sirica, American judge (d. 1992) |
| | 1905 - Albert Speer, Nazi official (d. 1981) |
| | 1906 - Adolf Eichmann, Nazi official (d. 1962) |
| | 1909 - Louis Hayward, British actor (d. 1985) |
| | 1909 - Attilio Demaria, Argentinian footballer |
| | 1910 - Joseph F. Carroll, US Air Force Lt. Gen. and Founding Director, Defense Intelligence Agency (d. 1991) |
| | 1914 - Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002) |
| | 1915 - Robert G. Cole, American Paratrooper of the 101st, 502nd division (d. 1944) |
| | 1916 - Eric Christmas, British actor (d. 2000) |
| | 1916 - Irving Wallace, American novelist (d. 1990) |
| | 1917 - Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (d. 1950) |
| | 1917 - Laszlo Szabo, Hungarian chess player (d. 1998) |
| | 1920 - Kjell Aukrust, Norwegian author (d. 2002) |
| | 1921 - Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedy magician (d. 1984) |
| | 1923 - Pamela Britton, American actress (d. 1974) |
| | 1924 - Mary Wimbush, British actress (d. 2005) |
| | 1927 - Richie Ashburn, American baseball player (d. 1997) |
| | 1928 - Hans Küng, Swiss theologian |
| | 1928 - Patrick McGoohan, American-born actor |
| | 1930 - Ornette Coleman, American musician |
| | 1933 - Philip Roth, American author |
| | 1936 - Ursula Andress, Swiss actress |
| | 1936 - Birthe Wilke, Danish singer |
| | 1937 - Clarence "Frogman" Henry, American musician |
| | 1937 - Egon Krenz, President of East Germany |
| | 1939 - Joe Kapp, American football player |
| | 1943 - Mario J. Molina, Mexican chemist, Nobel Prize laureate |
| | 1943 - Mario Monti, Italian politician |
| | 1944 - Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize |
| | 1944 - Sirhan Sirhan, Palestinian-born assassin |
| | 1947 - Glenn Close, American actress |
| | 1947 - Marinho Peres, Brazilian football player |
| | 1953 - Ricky Wilson, American musician (The B-52's) (d. 1985) |
| | 1955 - Bruce Willis, American actor |
| | 1962 - Ivan Calderon, Puerto Rican baseball player (d. 2003) |
| | 1962 - Jim Korderas, American professional wrestling referee |
| | 1964 - Yoko Kanno, Japanese composer |
| | 1966 - James "Big Jim" Wright, American record producer |
| | 1969 - Connor Trinneer, American actor |
| | 1971 - Nadja Auermann, German supermodel |
| | 1974 - Vida Guerra, Cuban-American swimsuit model |
| | 1975 - Vivian Hsu, Taiwanese singer, actress and model |
| | 1975 - Matthew Richardson, Australian Rules Footballer |
| | 1976 - Alessandro Nesta, Italian footballer |
| | 1979 - Hee-Seop Choi, Korean Major League Baseball player |
| | 1980 - Mikuni Shimokawa, Japanese singer |
| | 1980 - Don Sparrow, Canadian Illustrator |
| | 1981 - Kim Rae Won, South Korean actor and model |
| | 1981 - Kolo Touré, Ivorian footballer |
| | 1985 - Ernesto Viso, Venezuelan racing driver |