| | 1159 - Wladislaus II the Exile of Poland (b. 1105) |
| | 1252 - King Ferdinand III of Castile |
| | 1416 - Jerome of Prague, Czech theologian (executed) (b. 1379) |
| | 1431 - Joan of Arc, French peasant girl that joined the French royal army, heroine and saint (burned at the stake) (b. 1412) |
| | 1434 - Prokop the Great, Hussite general |
| | 1469 - Lope de Barrientos —a powerful bishop in Castile |
| | 1574 - King Charles IX of France (b. 1550) |
| | 1576 - Harada Naomasa, Japanese retainer and samurai |
| | 1593 - Christopher Marlowe, English playwright (b. 1564) |
| | 1640 - Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter (b. 1577) |
| | 1696 - Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell, First Lord of the British Admiralty (b. 1638) |
| | 1718 - Arnold Joost van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle, Dutch favorite of William III of England (b. 1670) |
| | 1730 - Arabella Churchill, English mistress of James II of England (b. 1648) |
| | 1744 - Alexander Pope, English writer (b. 1688) |
| | 1770 - François Boucher, French painter (b. 1703) |
| | 1778 - Voltaire, French philosopher and author (b. 1694) |
| | 1865 - John Catron, United States Supreme Court Justice |
| | 1868 - Souji Okita, 1st Captain of the Shinsengumi (b. 1823 |
| | 1901 - Victor D'Hondt, Belgian mathematician (b. 1841) |
| | 1912 - Wilbur Wright, Aviation pioneer (Wright Brothers) (b. 1867) |
| | 1925 - Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian (b. 1876) |
| | 1926 - Vladimir Steklov, Russian physicist (b. 1864) |
| | 1934 - Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral (b. 1848) |
| | 1941 - Prajadhipok, Rama VII, king of Thailand (b. 1893) |
| | 1951 - Hermann Broch, Austrian author (b. 1886) |
| | 1953 - Dooley Wilson, American musician and actor (b. 1886) |
| | 1955 - Bill Vukovich, Auto racer, killed during 1955 Indianapolis 500 (b. 1918) |
| | 1960 - Boris Pasternak, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (declined) (b. 1890) |
| | 1961 - Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic (b. 1891) |
| | 1964 - Leó Szilárd, Hungarian-born nuclear physicist (b. 1898) |
| | 1964 - Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald, American auto racers, killed during 1964 Indianapolis 500 (b. 1927) |
| | 1967 - Claude Rains, English actor (b. 1889) |
| | 1971 - Marcel Dupré, French organist and composer (b. 1886) |
| | 1975 - Steve Prefontaine, American runner (b. 1951) |
| | 1975 - Michel Simon, French actor (b. 1895) |
| | 1980 - Carl Radle, American bass guitarist (b. 1942) |
| | 1981 - Ziaur Rahman, President of Bangladesh (b. 1936) |
| | 1986 - Perry Ellis, American fashion designer (b. 1940) |
| | 1993 - Sun Ra, American musician (b. 1914) |
| | 2000 - Tex Beneke, American bandleader, singer, and saxophone player (b. 1914) |
| | 2003 - Mickie Most, English record producer (b. 1938) |
| | 2005 - Tomasz Pacyński, Polish writer (b. 1958) |
| | 2006 - Shohei Imamura, Japanese film director (b. 1926) |